Nerve Conditions
Clinical information about the nerve conditions and the treatments we offer.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a very common condition that can cause pain, numbness, weakness and tingling in the hand and arm. The condition occurs when one of the major nerves to the hand — the median nerve — is squeezed or compressed as it travels through the wrist.
Symptoms
Numbness or tingling: Patients often experience these sensations in the thumb, index, middle, and ring fingers. This can be intermittent and affect patients during hand use or at night, or become constant.
Weakness: You might experience weakness in your hand and drop objects due to a lack of thumb strength or inability to feel objects.
Pain: Some patients report pain in their hand, wrist or arm, especially when using the hand or wrist in certain positions.
Treatment
At The Hand and Wrist Clinic, we offer a range of treatments tailored to the severity and progression of your Carpal Tunnel Syndrome:
Non-surgical treatments: These may include wrist splinting, specialist hand therapy exercises, anti-inflammatory medications and corticosteroid injections.
Surgery: In cases where non-surgical treatments do not provide relief, or if there is significant nerve damage, surgical intervention may be necessary. The surgery, usually using the WALANT technique, aims to relieve pressure on the median nerve to allow it to recover.
Related Pages
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
Cubital tunnel syndrome is a condition caused by pressure or stretching of the ulnar nerve, also known as the “funny bone” nerve, which runs in a groove on the inner side of the elbow. This syndrome can cause numbness, tingling, and pain in the elbow, forearm, hand and fingers.
Symptoms
Numbness or tingling: Often affecting the ring and little fingers, especially when the elbow is bent.
Elbow pain: Discomfort or aching on the inside of the elbow.
Weak grip: Difficulty with tasks requiring fine motor skills, such as doing up buttons, and a tendency to drop things.
Muscle wasting: In severe cases, there can be a loss of muscle bulk in the hand.
Treatment
Conservative management: Including elbow pads, wrist splints worn at night to prevent elbow flexion, and anti-inflammatory medications.
Nerve gliding exercises: To help the ulnar nerve slide through the cubital tunnel more easily.
Surgery: If symptoms are severe, or do not improve with conservative treatment, surgical options such as ulnar nerve release or ulnar nerve transposition may be recommended, usually using the WALANT technique.
Lacertus Tunnel Syndrome
Lacertus tunnel syndrome, also known as bicipital aponeurosis or bicipital tunnel syndrome, is a less common nerve entrapment of the median nerve that occurs near the elbow. It involves the compression of the median nerve under the lacertus fibrosus, a fibrous band connected to the biceps muscle.
Symptoms
Forearm pain: Discomfort or aching in the forearm which may worsen with repetitive arm or hand use.
Numbness or tingling: Sensations in the hand or fingers, typically affecting the thumb, index, middle and ring fingers.
Weakness: Difficulty with tasks requiring the use of the front of the forearm including turning the palm up or flexing the wrist.
Muscle atrophy: In chronic cases there may be a noticeable decrease in muscle mass on the affected side.
Treatment
Activity modification: Avoiding or altering activities that exacerbate symptoms.
Specialist hand therapy: Exercises to stretch and strengthen the forearm and reduce pressure on the median nerve.
Splinting: Immobilization of the arm or wrist to alleviate nerve compression.
Surgical intervention: If conservative treatments are ineffective, surgical release of the lacertus fibrosus may be necessary to relieve pressure on the median nerve.
Pronator Syndrome
Pronator syndrome is a nerve compression disorder that affects the median nerve as it passes between the two heads of the pronator teres muscle in the forearm. This syndrome can mimic carpal tunnel syndrome but occurs further up the arm and is less common.
Symptoms
Forearm pain: Pain or tenderness in the forearm, especially with activities that involve pronation (turning the forearm so the palm faces down).
Numbness or tingling: Typically in the thumb, index, middle, and part of the ring fingers, similar to carpal tunnel syndrome.
Muscle atrophy: In severe or long-standing cases, there may be muscle wasting in the median nerve distribution of the hand.
Weakness: Difficulty with tasks that require gripping or pinching and a possible loss of dexterity in the hand.
Treatment
Conservative management: Rest, activity modification, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce inflammation.
Physical therapy: Stretching and strengthening exercises to relieve pressure on the median nerve.
Splinting: To immobilize the forearm and wrist, allowing the nerve to rest and heal.
Surgical intervention: If symptoms persist despite conservative measures, surgery may be necessary to release the muscle and relieve pressure on the median nerve.
Radial Nerve Palsy
Radial nerve palsy, also known as “Saturday night palsy,” is a condition that arises from injury or compression of the radial nerve. This nerve runs down the arm and controls movement in the triceps muscle at the back of the upper arm, as well as wrist, hand, and finger extension. Damage to the radial nerve can result in loss of sensation and motor function in the areas it supplies.
Symptoms
Weakness or paralysis: Difficulty or inability to extend the wrist and fingers (wrist drop).
Numbness or tingling: Altered sensation or loss of feeling in the back of the hand or forearm.
Difficulty with hand tasks: Problems with tasks that require extending the wrist or fingers, such as opening doors or typing.
Pain: Some patients may experience pain along the course of the radial nerve.
Treatment
Splinting or bracing: To support the wrist and fingers in the proper position while the nerve heals.
Physical therapy: Exercises and modalities to maintain muscle strength and joint range of motion during recovery.
Medication: Pain relief and anti-inflammatory medications to manage discomfort.
Surgery: If the nerve palsy is due to an injury that requires repair, or if there is no improvement with conservative treatment, surgical intervention may be necessary.
Posterior Interosseous Nerve (PIN) Palsy
Posterior Interosseous Nerve (PIN) palsy is a condition that affects the branch of the radial nerve responsible for extending the wrist and fingers. This type of nerve palsy results from compression or injury to the PIN as it travels along the forearm. Unlike radial nerve palsy, PIN palsy typically does not involve loss of sensation because the PIN is primarily a motor nerve.
Nik Jagodzinski's WALANT tendon transfer for PIN palsy in Malawi
Symptoms
Weakness in the hand: Difficulty or inability to extend the fingers at the metacarpophalangeal joints (knuckles) and the thumb backwards.
Wrist drop: Inability to extend the wrist, leading to a characteristic “dropped” wrist position.
Pain: Some patients may experience pain or discomfort in the forearm.
Treatment
Conservative management: Rest, splinting and anti-inflammatory medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing.
Physical therapy: Exercises to maintain muscle tone and prevent joint stiffness while the nerve recovers.
Surgical intervention: If PIN palsy is caused by an obstruction or injury that does not respond to conservative treatment, surgery may be necessary to decompress the nerve.
Painful Neuromas
Painful neuromas are benign growths of nerve tissue that can occur after a nerve has been damaged or severed. These nerve endings can become tangled and form a lump, leading to a painful condition known as a neuroma. They are commonly found in the hand and can cause significant discomfort, particularly when the affected area is touched or pressure is applied.
Symptoms
Sharp, burning pain: Often localized to the site of the neuroma and possibly radiating along the nerve path.
Tingling or numbness: Sensations that may extend into the hand or fingers, depending on the location of the neuroma.
Sensitivity to touch: Clothing or even a light touch may trigger pain.
Swelling: A small, tender lump may be palpable at the site of the neuroma.
Treatment
Conservative management: Includes padding to protect the neuroma, steroid injections to reduce inflammation, and medication for pain relief.
Surgical intervention: If conservative treatments are not effective, surgery may be necessary to remove the neuroma or to repair the affected nerve.
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Hand Conditions
Information about common hand conditions we treat.
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Wrist Conditions
Clinical information about common wrist conditions and the treatments we offer.
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Nerve Conditions
Clinical information about the nerve conditions and the treatments we offer.
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Injuries / Other Hand and Wrist Conditons
Discover the Injuries we help you recover from as well as other common complaints.